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Diabetes | How do people with diabetes monitor themselves?

I often hear diabetic people say: "I take diabetes medicine every day, why do I still have so many complications?" How to avoid the above problems? Diabetes is a lifelong disease, and good blood sugar control can reduce or delay the occurrence and development of diabetes complications. Diabetics should learn self-management, self-monitoring, and work with diabetes specialists and nurses to overcome diabetes. So, what is included in the daily self-monitoring of diabetic patients?

Blood sugar control goals:

Fasting 4.4-6.1mmol/L, non-fasting 4.4-8.0mmol/L. The monitoring of blood glucose can be determined according to the actual needs of the disease. It can be divided into 8 monitoring points: before breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner, before bedtime, and 3:00 at night. According to the condition and the doctor's request, record the daily blood glucose value.

Urine ketone body monitoring:

People with type 1 diabetes check urine ketone bodies every day, and people with type 2 diabetes monitor urine ketone bodies when they develop an infection, fever, sweating, and feeling weak.

Blood pressure and weight monitoring:

Once a week, additional testing can be done as needed. When hypertensive patients are treated with oral antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure should be measured once a day in the morning and evening; patients who implement a weight-loss plan should have their body weight measured daily.

24-hour urine microalbumin quantification, urine routine, urine protein/creatinine ratio check:

The diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy is meaningful and requires laboratory tests every six months or a year. If there is microalbuminuria, it should be checked and recorded every 3 to 6 months as directed by the doctor.

Glycated hemoglobin examination:

The HbA1c level reflects the patient's overall blood glucose control level in the past 2-3 months and reflects the average blood glucose level over some time. It is the gold standard for blood glucose monitoring. At least every 3 months at the beginning of treatment, and every 6 months after reaching the goal.

Blood biochemical index monitoring:

Generally, it includes liver function, kidney function, blood lipids, etc., and it is tested every six months. Patients who have dyslipidemia and taking lipid-lowering drugs should follow the doctor's instructions for re-examination every 2 to 3 months to observe the effect and adjust the medication in time.

It is recommended that patients with diabetes record the above monitoring contents in the form of a table, indicating the monitoring items, dates, times, results, etc. Such a diary is simple and clear, making it easy to grasp the condition and work out a treatment plan with a diabetes specialist.

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